Fuel manifold assembly

ABSTRACT

A fuel supply assembly for a gas turbine engine comprises a plurality of fuel injectors configured for mounting circumferentially to an engine casing of the gas turbine engine and to be serially interconnected. At least one pair of the plurality of the fuel injectors has a first fuel injector including a first manifold adapter having a first outlet defined around a first outlet axis, and a first stem connected to the first manifold adapter at the first outlet and extending longitudinally along a first stem axis; and a second fuel injector including a second manifold adapter having a second outlet defined around a second outlet axis, and a second stem connected to the second manifold adapter at the second outlet, the first and second outlet axes being disposed circumferentially between the first and second stem axes.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The application relates generally to gas turbine engines and, more particularly, to fuel supply systems for combustors of such engines.

BACKGROUND OF THE ART

A fuel manifold assembly generally includes a circumferential array of fuel injectors configured to be mounted around a combustor of a gas turbine engine. The fuel injectors may be connected to each other using transfer tubes to circulate fuel from a fuel source to the fuel injectors around the combustor. In use, the fuel injectors are typically mounted to the combustor, and then the transfer tubes are connected between adjacent pairs of fuel injectors.

However, it may be difficult to mount the fuel manifold assembly on the gas turbine engine if a distance between the fuel injectors is short. In other words, it might be difficult to connect the transfer tubes to the fuel injectors mounted to the combustor if the distance between the pairs of fuel injectors is not enough to allow an adequate space or clearance distance to engage and disengage the transfer tubes. The distance between the fuel injectors may be short due to a number of the fuel injectors relative to a manifold pitch diameter.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, there is provided a fuel supply assembly for a gas turbine engine, the fuel supply assembly comprising a plurality of fuel injectors configured for mounting circumferentially to an engine casing of the gas turbine engine and to be serially interconnected, at least one pair of the plurality of fuel injectors having a first fuel injector including a first manifold adapter having a first outlet defined around a first outlet axis, and a first stem connected to the first manifold adapter at the first outlet and extending longitudinally along a first stem axis; and a second fuel injector including a second manifold adapter having a second outlet defined around a second outlet axis, and a second stem connected to the second manifold adapter at the second outlet, the first and second outlet axes being disposed circumferentially between the first and second stem axes.

In another aspect, there is provided a gas turbine engine comprising a combustor casing extending along an engine axis and circumferentially surrounding a combustion chamber; and a plurality of fuel injectors mounted circumferentially around the combustor casing and serially interconnected, at least one pair of the plurality of fuel injectors having a first fuel injector including a first manifold adapter having a first outlet defined around a first outlet axis, and a first stem connected to the first manifold adapter at the first outlet and extending longitudinally along a first stem axis; and a second fuel injector including a second manifold adapter having a second outlet defined around a second outlet axis, and a second stem connected to the second manifold adapter at the second outlet, the first and second outlet axes being disposed between the first and second stem axes.

In a further aspect, there is provided a method for installing a fuel supply assembly to a gas generator casing of a gas turbine engine, the method comprising interconnecting at least one pair of fuel injectors using an inner transfer unit; mounting the at least one pair of fuel injectors including the inner transfer unit to the gas generator casing; and connecting the at least one pair of fuel injectors to an adjacent fuel injector using an outer transfer unit, the outer transfer unit being longer than the inner transfer unit.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference is now made to the accompanying figures in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gas turbine engine in accordance to a particular embodiment;

FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a fuel supply assembly mounted to a gas generator casing of the gas turbine engine of FIG. 1;

FIG. 2B is a perspective view of fuel injectors of the fuel supply assembly of FIG. 2A mounted to the turbine support casing;

FIG. 3A is an enlarged section of the fuel supply assembly of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the fuel supply assembly of FIG. 2B;

FIG. 4A is a front view of a pair of the fuel injectors of FIG. 2B;

FIG. 4B is a view of the pair of fuel injectors of FIG. 4A interconnected by an inner transfer unit;

FIG. 4C is an exploded view of the pair of fuel injectors of FIG. 4B;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a clearance distance between an outer transfer unit and one of the fuel injectors of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of shoulders of the pair of fuel injectors retaining the inner transfer unit of FIG. 3B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates a gas turbine engine 10 of a type preferably provided for use in subsonic flight, generally comprising in serial flow communication a fan 12 through which ambient air is propelled, a compressor section 14 for pressurizing the air, a combustor 16 in which the compressed air is mixed with fuel and ignited for generating an annular stream of hot combustion gases, and a turbine section 18 for extracting energy from the combustion gases. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the combustor 16 is surrounded by a gas generator casing 17 disposed around an engine axis 11. A fuel supply assembly 20 including fuel injectors 22 is mounted to the gas generator casing 17. The fuel injectors 22 are serially interconnected via at least one fuel transfer unit 24. The fuel supply assembly 20 may be connected to a source of fuel using any suitable connection. In operation, the fuel injectors 22 inject fuel into the combustor 16 for generating the annular stream of hot combustion gases.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the plurality of circumferentially spaced-apart fuel injectors 22 are mounted to the gas generator casing 17 to circumferentially surround the combustor. The fuel injectors 22 are interconnected by the transfer units 24 to circulate the fuel circumferentially around the combustor 16. As such, the fuel supply assembly 20 may be referred to as a “fuel manifold assembly”. A diameter of the gas generator casing 17 where the fuel supply assembly 20 is mounted defines the manifold pitch diameter. The radius of the manifold pitch diameter where the fuel injectors 22 are mounted in FIG. 2A is shown as R1. As such, a circumferential distance D1 between adjacent fuel injectors 22 may depend on a number of the fuel injectors 22 relative to the manifold pitch diameter. The number of the fuel injectors 22 may depend on the configuration of the gas turbine engine 10. In some embodiments, reducing the manifold pitch diameter may result in reducing the space or clearance distance between adjacent fuel injectors 22.

FIG. 2B illustrates the fuel injectors 22 mounted to the turbine support casing 17 without the transfer units 24. The fuel supply assembly 20 is mounted to the casing 17 on a different axial location along the engine axis 11. As shown in FIG. 2B, the fuel supply assembly 20 is mounted on a smaller manifold pitch diameter. In other words, the radius R2 of the second manifold pitch diameter is smaller than the radius R1. Thus, a circumferential distance D2 between adjacent fuel injectors 22 at the second location is smaller than the circumferential distance D1 shown in FIG. 2A.

Referring to FIG. 3A, the fuel supply assembly 20 includes a plurality of sub-groups of at least two fuel injectors 22. For example, the fuel supply assembly 20 may include a predetermined number of pairs of fuel injectors 22. In some embodiments, only part of the total number of fuel injectors 22 are provided as pairs. In other words, the fuel supply assembly 20 may include an uneven total number of fuel injectors 22. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3A, two pairs 122, 222 of fuel injectors 22 are shown. The pairs of fuel injectors 122, 222 are interconnected by an outer transfer unit 24A. Each one of the two pairs of fuel injectors 122, 222 includes an inner transfer unit 24B that interconnects the two fuel injectors 22 thereof. A circumferential length LA of the outer transfer unit 24A is longer than a circumferential length LB of the inner transfer unit 24B. In other words, the length LB of the inner transfer unit 24B is shorter than the length LA of the outer transfer unit 24A. As such, the circumferential distance between adjacent fuel injectors 22 of the same pair of fuel injectors 122 or 222 is less than the circumferential distance between adjacent fuel injectors 22 of different pairs of fuel injectors 122 and 222.

Referring to FIG. 3B, a cross-section of the fuel injector 22 is shown. The fuel injector 22 includes a manifold adapter 26 mounted to the gas generator casing 17 to receive the fuel, a nozzle head 27 to inject the fuel into the combustor 16, and a stem 28 connecting the manifold adapter 26 to the nozzle head 27. The nozzle head 27 may partially protrude into a combustion chamber 16A of the combustor 16. The nozzle heads 27 and/or the stems 28 of the fuel injectors 22 may be uniformly distributed circumferentially around the engine axis 11. The manifold adapter 26 of one fuel injector 22 is connected to a manifold adapter 26 of an adjacent fuel injector 22 by the transfer unit 24. As such, the transfer unit 24 is disposed in the space or clearance distance between adjacent manifold adapters 26. A radial distance between the engine axis 11 and a reference point of the manifold adapter 26 defines the radius R of the manifold pitch diameter.

Referring to FIG. 4A, a front view of the pair of fuel injectors 122 is shown. The pair of fuel injectors 122 includes a first fuel injector 22A and an adjacent second fuel injector 22B. The first fuel injector 22A includes a first manifold adapter 26A having a first outlet 30A defined around a first outlet axis 31A. The first outlet axis 31A may extend radially from the engine axis 11. For example, the first manifold adapter 26A may have the first outlet 30A disposed between two circumferentially opposed first ends 32A. In other words, the first manifold adapter 26A may have a T-shape. The first fuel injector 22A includes a first stem 28A connected to the first manifold adapter 26A and extending longitudinally along a first stem axis 29A. The first stem axis 29A may extend radially from the engine axis 11. The first fuel injector 22A may include a first nozzle head 27A connected to the first stem 28A to spray fuel into the combustor 16. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4A, the first stem 28A is connected to the first manifold adapter 26A at the first outlet 30A. For example, the first fuel injector 22A includes a first connector 34A connecting the first manifold adapter 26A with the first stem 28A. The first connector 34A may include a first flange 35A having first apertures 36A defined therein to connect the first connector 34A to the gas generator casing 17. For example, fasteners may extend through the first apertures 36A and the gas generator casing 17. In some embodiments, the first stem 28A may be connected directly to the first manifold adapter 26A. In other words, the first connector 34A may be omitted or may be integral to the first manifold adapter 26A, the first stem 28A, or both. In operation, fuel transferred through the transfer units 24 may be flown to the first stem 28A through the first outlet 30A.

The second fuel injector 22B includes a second manifold adapter 26B having a second outlet 30B defined around a second outlet axis 31B. The second outlet axis 31B may extend radially from the engine axis 11. For example, the second manifold adapter 26B may have the second outlet 30B disposed between two circumferentially opposed second ends 32B. In other words, the second manifold adapter 26B may have a T-shape. The second fuel injector 22B includes a second stem 28B connected to the second manifold adapter 26B and extending longitudinally along a second stem axis 29B. The second stem axis 29B may extend radially from the engine axis 11. The second fuel injector 22B may include a second nozzle head 27B connected to the second stem 28B to spray fuel into the combustor 16. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4A, the second stem 28B is connected to the second manifold adapter 26B at the second outlet 30B. For example, the second fuel injector 22B includes a second connector 34B connecting the second manifold adapter 26B with the second stem 28B. The second connector 34B may include a second flange 35B having second apertures 36B defined therein to connect the second connector 22B to the gas generator casing 17. For example, fasteners may extend through the second apertures 36B and the gas generator casing 17. In some embodiments, the second stem 28B may be connected directly to the second manifold adapter 26B. In other words, the second connector 34B may be omitted or may be integral to the second manifold adapter, the second stem 28B, or both. In operation, fuel transferred through the transfer units 24 may be flown to second stem 28B through the second outlet 30B.

As shown in FIG. 4A, the first and second outlet axes 31A, 31B are disposed circumferentially between the first and second stem axes 29A, 29B. In other words, there is an offset OA between the first stem axis 29A and the first outlet axis 31A in the circumferential direction. Similarly, there is an offset OB between the second stem axis 29B and the second outlet axis 31B in the circumferential direction. As such, in some embodiments, the circumferential distance between adjacent stem axes 29A, 29B of the pair of fuel injectors 122, 222 may remain constant or uniform around the engine axis 11. That is to say, the circumferential distance between the first outlet axis 31A and the second outlet axis 31B may be shortened without shortening the circumferential distance between the first stem axis 29A and the second stem axis 29B.

Referring to FIG. 4B, the first manifold adapter 26A is connected to the second manifold adapter 26B using the inner transfer unit 24B. In use, the pair of fuel injectors 122, 222 may be connected to the inner transfer unit 24B prior to being installed on the casing 17. The outer transfer unit 24A may connect to an outer end 32A of the first manifold adapter 26A or to an outer end 32B of the second manifold adapter 26B. For example, once the pair of fuel injectors 122, 222 and the corresponding inner transfer unit 24B are mounted to the casing 17, the outer transfer units 24A may be connected to the adjacent pairs of fuel injectors 122, 222. In some embodiments, by connecting the first and second manifold adapters 26A, 26B with the shorter inner transfer unit 24B, a longer clearance space may be provided to install the longer outer transfer units 24A.

Referring to FIG. 4C, an exploded view of the pair of fuel injectors 122 is shown. The inner transfer unit 24B includes two inner transfer tubes 40B and an outer sleeve 42B surrounding the inner transfer tubes 40B. Similarly, the outer transfer unit 24A includes two transfer tubes 40A and an outer sleeve 42B surrounding the two outer transfer tubes 40A. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4C, the outer sleeve 42B includes a flange having an aperture. The aperture may connect to any part or accessory of the gas turbine engine 10. Other configurations of the outer and inner transfer units 24A, 24B may be provided. For example, the transfer unit 24 may include one transfer tube 40.

Referring to FIG. 5, a clearance distance D between the first manifold adapter 26A and the outer transfer unit 24A is shown. In use, the outer transfer unit 24A may slide over the end 32A of the first manifold adapter 26A to connect the outer sleeve 42A to the first manifold adapter 26A. In other words, installing the pair of fuel injectors 122, 222 closer to each other may result in some room or clearance distance D to slide the outer transfer unit 24A circumferentially back and forth. As such, the outer transfer units 24A may be mounted to the manifold adapters 26 that have been previously installed on the casing 17. In some embodiments, this may allow the fuel manifold assembly 20 to be mounted on a smaller manifold pitch diameter. As such, the stem axes 29 of the fuel injectors 22 may remain uniformly distributed circumferentially around the engine axis 11.

Referring to FIG. 6, the first manifold adapter 26A has a first shoulder 44A extending radially outwardly from the end 132A. The second manifold adapter 26B has a second shoulder 44B extending radially outwardly from the end 132B opposing the end 132A. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the shoulders 44A, 44B extend circumferentially around the ends 132A, 132B. The shoulder 44A, 44B may have different geometry. For example, the shoulder 44A, 44B may not extend around a perimeter of the end 132A, 132B. In other words, only a portion of the end 132A, 132B may have a protruding shoulder segment. The shoulders 44A, 44B are configured to retain the outer transfer unit 24B between the first and second shoulders 44A, 44B. That is to say, the outer transfer unit 24B may be mounted to the first and second manifold adapters 26A, 26B between the first and second shoulders 44A, 44B prior to installing the first and second manifold adapters 26A, 26B to the casing 17. In some embodiments, the shoulders 44A, 44B may substitute the use of retaining brackets to connect the inner transfer unit 24B to the first and second manifold adapters 26A, 26B.

The above description is meant to be exemplary only, and one skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made to the embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention disclosed. Still other modifications which fall within the scope of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, in light of a review of this disclosure, and such modifications are intended to fall within the appended claims. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for installing a fuel supply assembly to a gas generator casing of a gas turbine engine, the fuel supply assembly defining a central axis and comprising a plurality of fuel injectors configured for mounting circumferentially to an engine casing of the gas turbine engine and to be serially interconnected about the central axis, at least one pair of the plurality of fuel injectors having a first fuel injector including a first manifold adapter, the first manifold adapter having a first outlet defined around a first outlet axis, the first outlet axis having a radial orientation relative to the central axis, the first fuel injector further including a first stem projecting radially inwardly from the first outlet and extending longitudinally along a first stem axis, the at least one pair of the plurality of fuel injectors further including a second fuel injector, the second fuel injector including a second manifold adapter, the second manifold adapter having a second outlet defined around a second outlet axis, the second outlet axis having a radial orientation relative to the central axis, the second fuel injector further including a second stem projecting radially inwardly from the second outlet, the first and second outlet axes being disposed circumferentially between the first and second stem axes, wherein the first fuel injector is fluidly connected to the second fuel injector via an inner transfer unit extending in a circumferential direction between the first manifold adapter and the second manifold adapter, and wherein the at least one pair of the plurality of fuel injectors is fluidly connected to a second adjacent pair of fuel injectors of the plurality of fuel injectors via an outer transfer unit extending in the circumferential direction from one of the first and second manifold adapters to the second adjacent pair of fuel injectors, the inner transfer unit being shorter in the circumferential direction than the outer transfer unit, the method comprising: interconnecting the at least one pair of fuel injectors using the inner transfer unit; mounting the at least one pair of fuel injectors and the inner transfer unit to the gas generator casing; and connecting the at least one pair of fuel injectors to the second adjacent pair of fuel injectors using the outer transfer unit.
 2. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein interconnecting the at least one pair of fuel injectors includes retaining the inner transfer unit between a pair of shoulders of the at least one pair of fuel injectors.
 3. The method as defined in claim 1, including circumferentially mounting nozzle heads of the fuel supply assembly and uniformly distributing the nozzle heads along a circumference of the gas generator casing.
 4. The method as defined in claim 1, including circumferentially sliding the outer transfer unit between the at least one pair of fuel injectors and the adjacent second pair of fuel injectors.
 5. A fuel supply assembly for a gas turbine engine, the fuel supply assembly defining a central axis and comprising: a plurality of fuel injectors configured for mounting circumferentially to an engine casing of the gas turbine engine and to be serially interconnected about the central axis, at least one pair of the plurality of fuel injectors having: a first fuel injector including a first manifold adapter, the first manifold adapter having a first outlet defined around a first outlet axis, the first outlet axis having a radial orientation relative to the central axis, and a first stem projecting radially inwardly from the first outlet and extending longitudinally along a first stem axis; and a second fuel injector including a second manifold adapter, the second manifold adapter having a second outlet defined around a second outlet axis, the second outlet axis having a radial orientation relative to the central axis, and a second stem projecting radially inwardly from the second outlet, the first and second outlet axes being disposed circumferentially between the first and second stem axes; wherein the first fuel injector is fluidly connected to the second fuel injector via an inner transfer unit extending in a circumferential direction between the first manifold adapter and the second manifold adapter, and wherein the at least one pair of the plurality of fuel injectors is fluidly connected to a second adjacent pair of fuel injectors of the plurality of fuel injectors via an outer transfer unit extending in the circumferential direction from one of the first and second manifold adapters to the second adjacent pair of fuel injectors, the inner transfer unit being shorter in the circumferential direction than the outer transfer unit.
 6. The fuel supply assembly as defined in claim 5, wherein the first fuel injector includes a first connector connecting the first manifold adapter with the first stem and the second fuel injector includes a second connector connecting the second manifold adapter with the second stem.
 7. The fuel supply assembly as defined in claim 6, wherein the first connector includes a first flange having first apertures defined therein to connect the first connector to the engine casing and the second connector includes a second flange having second apertures defined therein to connect the second connector to the engine casing.
 8. The fuel supply assembly as defined in claim 5, wherein the outer transfer unit includes a flange having an aperture.
 9. The fuel supply assembly as defined in claim 5, wherein the first manifold adapter includes a first shoulder around a first end of the first manifold adapter and the second manifold adapter includes a second shoulder opposing the first shoulder around a second end of the second manifold adapter, the first and second shoulders configured to retain the inner transfer unit therebetween.
 10. A gas turbine engine comprising: a combustor casing extending along an engine axis and circumferentially surrounding a combustion chamber; and a plurality of fuel injectors mounted circumferentially around the combustor casing and serially interconnected, at least one pair of the plurality of fuel injectors having: a first fuel injector including a first manifold adapter, the first manifold adapter having a first outlet defined around a first outlet axis, the first outlet axis having a radial orientation relative to the engine axis, and a first stem projecting radially inwardly from the first outlet and extending longitudinally along a first stem axis; a second fuel injector including a second manifold adapter, the second manifold adapter having a second outlet, the second outlet defined around a second outlet axis, the second outlet axis having a radial orientation relative to the engine axis, and a second stem projecting radially inwardly from the second outlet, the first and second outlet axes being disposed between the first and second stem axes; an inner transfer unit fluidly connecting the first manifold adapter to the second manifold adapter; and an outer transfer unit fluidly connecting at least one of the first and second manifold adapters with an adjacent pair of the plurality of fuel injectors, the inner transfer unit being shorter than the outer transfer unit in a circumferential direction.
 11. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, wherein the first fuel injector includes a first connector connecting the first manifold adapter with the first stem and the second fuel injector includes a second connector connecting the second manifold adapter with the second stem.
 12. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 11, wherein the first connector includes a first flange having first apertures defined therein to connect the first connector to the combustor casing and the second connector includes a second flange having second apertures defined therein to connect the second connector to the combustor casing.
 13. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, wherein the outer transfer unit includes a flange having an aperture.
 14. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, wherein the first manifold adapter includes a first shoulder around a first end thereof and the second manifold adapter includes a second shoulder opposing the first shoulder around a second end thereof, the inner transfer unit received between the first and second shoulders.
 15. The gas turbine engine as defined in claim 10, wherein the plurality of fuel injectors includes a plurality of stem axes extending radially relative to the engine axis, the plurality of stem axes being uniformly distributed circumferentially around the engine axis. 